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EVANS, John. The comfort triangles: a new tool for bioclimatic design. 315fTese (Doutorado em Arquitetura) - TU Delft, Londres, 2007.
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Abstract

This thesis presents the development, application and testing of a new graphic analysis tool to identify, select and verify different bioclimatic strategies according to climate conditions and requirements for comfort. The Comfort Triangles tool relates outdoor daily temperature variations with the modification of thermal performance achieved indoors, using two key variables, average daily temperatures and temperature swings. The variation between indoor and outdoor average daily temperature shows the effectiveness of passive heating or cooling strategies, while the range ratio, or relation between indoor and outdoor swing shows the capacity of the building to moderate, control or maintain temperature variations in relation to comfort requirements. It is shown that many bioclimatic strategies aim to modify one or both of these variables. Part 1 introduces concepts of bioclimatic design, objectives, methodology and thesis structure. Part 2 provides a literature review and defines the state of the art in thermal comfort, bioclimatic zoning and thermal performance of buildings with emphasis on passive strategies and natural conditioning. With this background, Part 3 describes the development of the comfort triangles concept, the use of the tool for climate analysis and evaluation of different bioclimatic design strategies, relating comfort, climate and habitat. Part 4 of the thesis tests the tool using case studies at the urban, architectural and building construction scales. The aim is to check, demostrate and verify the use of the Comfort triangles in wide range of different climates, different situations and different building types. Studies using the comfort triangles at the urban scale show how the built environment produces modifications of the climatic conditions, modifying the temperature swing and increasing the average temperature. At the architectural scale, the studies show the impact of building form, orientation and shading on the average temperature and temperature swing. At the construction scale, studies of indoor and outdoor conditions show the results of different materials used in different climates. The Comfort Triangle clearly identifies the impact of the built environment in different climates, permitting a visualization of the change in the two key vectors, average temperature and temperature swing. The final part of the thesis analyses the results of the case studies to show the value of this new graphic tool that allows the daily variations in indoor and outdoor temperature to be studied in a different way. It is shown that this new tool offers a valuable complement to existing bioclimatic design tools emphasizing the dynamic nature of thermal performance in bioclimatic design and natural conditioning. It is argued that factors such as global warming, urban heat islands and the excessive use of non-renewable energy resources will increase the need for the bioclimatic design approach. In this context the comfort triangles provide a new way to analyse projects in different climates and promote the selection of appropriate bioclimatic design strategies.
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