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Colen, Inês. Effectiveness/suitability of coconut oil (cocos nucifera) as a heat transfer fluid and heat storage medium for solar thermal systems. 2005 SOLAR WORLD CONGRESS, 2005, Orlando, Flórida.
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Abstract

Coconut oil (derived from the fruit of Cocos nucifera) is a common food oil with excellent thermal properties. It has a boiling point of approximately 200oC, is non-toxic, relatively inexpensive and is produced locally in Trinidad, as well as in many other parts of the world, such as the South Pacific islands. Coconut oil has the highest percentage of saturated fatty acids of all common food oils. This high degree of saturation imparts long stability to coconut oil, making it useful for applications in solar thermal systems over long periods. The effectiveness of coconut oil as a heat transfer fluid and a heat storage medium is highly dependent on the oxidative stability of the oil and its viscosity. Coconut oil, being a vegetable oil, has a higher oxidative stability than animal fats. There is a drastic reduction in viscosity with increased temperature; this is a major advantage of using coconut oil as the heat transfer fluid since thermosyphon circulation becomes more rapid as the temperature rises. Coconut oil was used as the heat transfer fluid and heat storage medium in the Natural Convection Flat-Plate Collector Solar Cooker (Haraksingh and Headley 1998). Gas Chromatography (GC) experiments were performed using the Hewlett Packard 5890 GC (FID Detector) to analyse the fatty acid content of the oil, to determine how the composition of the oil changes with time, and to determine the suitability of coconut oil in terms of stability as a heat transfer fluid. These experiments show that coconut oil can be safely used in the cooker for at least one year without significant changes in its thermal properties due to oxidation and polymerisation. Coconut oil, with its excellent thermal properties, has proven to be an effective heat transfer fluid and heat storage medium. The application of coconut oil (Cocos nucifera) both as a heat transfer fluid and a heat storage medium is unique; the literature reveals that coconut oil has never been used as a heat transfer fluid nor as a heat storage medium. This medium is being considered because of its excellent thermal properties and its easy availability. It has a boiling point of 200 oC approximately, is non-toxic and is produced locally, as well as in many other parts of the world, such as the South Pacific islands. A volume of 22 litres represents a heat storage capacity of 5 MJ at 120 oC above ambient thus providing sufficient energy for application in a solar thermal system over a reasonable length of time of approximately three to four hours. Coconut oil has the highest percentage of saturated fatty acids of all common food oils. The chief fatty acids of coconut oil are shown in Table 1. The high degree of saturation imparts long stability to coconut oil, which is a major advantage in using the oil over long periods.
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