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Van Timmeren, Arjan; Röling, Wiek; Kristinsson, Jón. Gradual sustainable development of urban districts. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PASSIVE AND LOW ENERGY ARCHITETURE, 18., 2001, Florianópolis. Anais... Florianópolis, 2001. p. 1089-1094.
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Abstract

Search for self-sufficiency in the built environment has led to several concepts in which forms of autarky are being claimed. Most of the times these different concepts and systems are not compared or combined. On one hand there is a tendency to ongoing centralisation, and sometimes globalisation, of mostly different themes (energy, water, etc), on the other hand concepts claim autarky for individual buildings. To find a real sustainable form of autarky it’s important to optimise the scale factor. Other factors to take into consideration are the suitability within a social acceptable form and the cost factor in relation to energy-, water- and material efficiency. A topic of interest nowadays is the lack of integration of the different ‘streams’ (water, energy, waste/materials) on which autarky is being claimed. Combinatorial effects of different decentral technologies and ‘Low-Tech’ and ‘High-Tech’ concepts concerning renewable energy and water, are not always taken into consideration. At the scale of an urban district it will be easier to realise and maintain the pursued replacement of the existing (centralised) technologies by natural-, decentralised solutions. Clear examples are biological wastewater treatment, production of bio-gas, wind- and solar energy, storage of heat in soils, and waste separation /-recycling. A new device called Sustainable Implant is being developed at the Delft Technical University in the Netherlands. In order to gradually modify and redevelop our cities and thereby contribute to the sustainability of the community, this device will be optimised to the minimally needed investment. This Sustainable Implant is a tool, a building, which incorporates different innovative natural (mostly passive-) technologies. It is being developed at the scale of building blocks up to urban districts (20 to 500 households). One of the main goals is to turn the former stated streams as much as possible into closed cycles and therefore to avoid unnecessary transportation. The social criteria are equally important. Most existing decentralised technologies can not avoid problems concerning the effective use of ground surface, maintenance and sanity aspects. The Sustainable Implant is a device that optimises solutions concerning these problems. This paper focuses on a case study in the Netherlands: Lanxmeer in Culemborg; a ‘Deep Green’ ecological city-district of 200 houses and offices, with partly decentralised technical infrastructure and interesting forms of participation of users (bottom-up). Parts of the district are realised, others are still under construction or planned to be constructed. The Sustainable Implant in Lanxmeer is a combination of a small biogas-plant, a Retourette, a Living Machine, a Green Algae water treatment unit and storage of heat in soils. A special design of the device emphasises its educational meaning. Keywords: decentralisation, autarky, energy/ water/waste, participation, redeveloping city-( districts), natural technologies on renewable energy and wastewatertreatment
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