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Stopp, H.; Strangfeld, P.; MENDES, N. Energy saving and the hygrothermal performance of envelope parts of buildings. In: ENCONTRO NACIONAL SOBRE CONFORTO NO AMBIENTE CONSTRUÍDO, 7., CONFERÊNCIA LATINO-AMERICANA SOBRE CONFORTO E DESEMPENHO ENERGÉTICO DE EDIFICAÇÕES, 3., 2003, Curitiba. Anais... Curitiba: ANTAC, 2003. p. 43-71.
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Abstract

Without saying the energy saving - a worldwide goal- must be involved also to the building aspects. In the fields of heating-, cooling- and ventilation energy losses there is a large potential of energy saving. That is why the European Parliament and the Council have published a directive on energy performance of buildings including the building stock. The German ordinance prescribes permissible values of the primary energy considering the production, distribution and handing over of the heating energy. The reduction of energy losses should be reached without provoking damage by heat and moisture transfer within the building's envelope. Above all things the hygrothermal situation of the envelope parts must be observed. By means of a correct modeling of the coupled heat and mass transfer of porous materials a simulation of the processes is possible and the experimental work reduces at a minimum by use of computerizing. After the general introduction of the theme, section 2 presents the relevance of the facades of the buildings, while the section 3 describes European directives for saving energy for heating and cooling of buildings. The numerical simulation of the hygrothermal performance of building's envelopes is discussed in section 4. Apart from the modeling of the coupled heat and moisture transfer in capillary porous materials and some references to its development and current situation, this section shows as an application of the calculations the reduction of the cooling load by the evaporation cooling of hygroscopic absorbed moisture in appropriate climate zones. In section 5, the numerical simulation of the coupled heat and moisture transfer is demonstrated with the help of the following current examples: capillary active inside insulation, infrared reflecting coatings, enthalpy losses of inverted roofs, alga growth at the external surfaces of outside walls and drying out of basement masonry walls. Finally section 6 shows the effectiveness control of the measures with regard to the hygrothermal performance of envelope parts by means of a developed lambda-needle probe.
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