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ROAF, Susan; FUENTES, Manuel; GUPTA, Rajat. The solar cities. In: ENCONTRO NACIONAL SOBRE CONFORTO NO AMBIENTE CONSTRUÍDO, 8., ENCONTRO LATINO-AMERICANO SOBRE CONFORTO NO AMBIENTE CONSTRUÍDO, 4., 2005, Maceió. Anais… Maceió: ANTAC, 2005. p. 1612-1619.
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Resumo

Over the last decade, climate change has moved from being the concern of few to a widely recognised threat to humanity itself and the natural environment. The 1990s were the warmest decade on record, and ever-increasing atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), could, if left unchecked, lead to serious consequences globally, including increased risks of droughts, floods and storms, disruption to agriculture, rising sea levels and the spread of disease. The contribution of anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide has been recognised as the principal cause of the atmospheric changes that drive these climate trends. Globally, buildings are the largest source of indirect carbon emissions. In 2000, the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution estimated that in order to stabilise carbon emissions at levels, which avoid catastrophic alterations in the climate, we would have to reduce emissions from the built environment by at least 60% by 2050 and 80% by 2100 relative to 1997 levels. Studies of the Oxford Ecohouse have demonstrated that it is not difficult to reduce carbon emissions from houses by 60% or more through energy efficiency measures, but it is only possible to reach the 90% level of reductions required by using renewable energy technologies. Solar energy technologies have been the most successfully applied of all renewables to date largely because they are the only systems that can be incorporated easily into the urban fabric. In addition, the short fossil fuel horizons that are predicted (c. 40 years left for oil and 65 years for gas) will drive the markets for solar technologies. For these reasons, the cities of the future will be powered by solar energy, to a greater or lesser extent, depending on the city form and location. In recognition of the need to move rapidly towards a renewable energy future, a group of international cities, including Oxford, have started the Solar City Network. In this paper we outline the programmes and strategies of the Oxford Solar Initiative developed to meet the three aims of reducing CO2 emissions from the buildings of the city, to stimulate local industry and to ensure that the citizens of Oxford are future-proofed, in safe and comfortable homes, against the risks posed by both climate change and increasingly expensive fossil fuels.

Abstract

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