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TIMMEREN, Arjan; MEIJER, Barbara. Integral urban restructuring: re-valuation of open green areas by means of integrated water- and related energy concepts. In:CONFERENCE ON PASSIVE AND LOW ENERGY ARCHITECTURE, 20., 2003, Santiago. Anais... Santiago: PLEA, 2003. p. 1 - 7.
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Abstract

 Over the years man has intervened more and more in the water cycle, resulting in environmental problems like pollution, flooding, and drying out. Governments tend to resolve these problems with expensive ‘end-of-the-pipe’-technologies resulting in more energy use and several other problems on larger scales. Apart from that, problems seem to be postponed to future-generations. To prevent cumulative effects good solutions have to be found near the sources. Furthermore solutions will not have to be found in separate technical systems for the different ‘flows’ but in integrated environmental-, social- and aesthetic concepts based on (local) qualities. Only these integrated solutions will be effective and therefore not just durable, but sustainable in all means. They will improve not only the quality of life but also change responsibilities for the management of the sustainable water- and energy cycles, lead to easier tuning in to individual user preferences, make use of local human and natural resources and will strengthen the local culture and social habits, leading most likely to a better consciousness. Combined decentral water/energy systems can be solutions which will help to make dense cities more sustainable than the sum of separate, local projects will do. By closing the water- and energy cycles inside communities, nearer to its users, the energy-content of the estimated water use (drinkwater and wastewater) will be reduced. Apart from that these systems will make investments more profitable due to possibilities to combine management costs with local energy- and waste concepts. Decentral energy- and water purification-systems, integrated in urbanised areas also will help to revalue our existing cities making them more liveable. Liveability is a precondition for sustainability, conversely it isn’t. Solutions can be found in using natural technologies with purifying plants in ‘Living Machines’ integrated in our public spaces and/or buildings. These ‘purification gardens’ are not only functional but they also will have a symbolic, educational and aesthetic appearance. Besides they can preserve the residue green, that lately is sacrificed in our existing dense cities, and will give them a surplus value. The paper focuses also on a case study of a proposed decentral water system based on natural technologies, situated at the ‘Noordereiland’ in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. This high-density pre-war housing estate contains 1900 households and is located on an island inside the river that divides the city centre. It is disconnected from and positioned in-between the two main, centralised water systems of the city. The closing of the water cycles of the island is, together with a local on sustainable sources based energy concept, one of the main measures in the plan for integral restructuring of this city district. Therefore a small natural purification-plant has been developed in greenhouses, placed in a public park which is integrated inside- and on top of a bathing centre. It is situated in the centre of the island next to the bridge that connects it with both riversides of the city. This ‘waterpark’ preserves the last green spot on the island giving it several functions, making the island both sustainable for the two main (essential) ‘flows’ and liveable.

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