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Heidt, Frank-dietrich; clemens, Joachim Joachim. An integrated planning tool for the reduction and the prevention of air conditioning in office buildings. 2005 SOLAR WORLD CONGRESS, 2005, Orlando, Flórida.
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Abstract

Energy saving in buildings gains in importance. For temperate climates like Mid-Europe, this mostly means the reduction of heat losses of buildings in winter time thus lowering the demand of heat energy. Another important aspect are the indoor air temperatures of a building during the summer. Overheating of houses will appear, if a building’s energy gains exceed its losses during a longer period of time. Consequences of a too warm environment are tiredness and a decrease of working activity. Especially office and administration buildings show a high overheating risk during warm periods, as the equipment of modern offices contains a lot of technical systems which all act as internal heat sources. Additionally, office personal increases the internal gains, whereby normal working hours in an office coincide with the time where solar gains are present and even maximum. As a result, primarily office buildings with high thermal insulation for heat protection and large window areas for daylight use and passive use of solar energy in winter often become too warm during summertime, even for moderate climates. The question arises how to avoid discomfort by overheating in office buildings or, at least, how to keep the period of discomfort as short as possible. The answer should not affect the heat protection and the use of solar gains during winter time. Therefore, an important aspect of solar optimized building is to consider carefully the different aspects of heat protection and overheating and to find an optimum solution. A simple but stupid possibility is the installation of a conventional air-conditioning system (active cooling). This would be, however, contradictory to the concept of low energy consumption. Though energy is saved during the heating period, it would be needed to some more extent in summer for the operation of the air-conditioning. To support planning of other (passive cooling) solutions, the Division of Building Physics Energy has developed the software-package KeepCool - An integrated planning tool for the reduction and the prevention of air conditioning in office buildings.
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