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Keesee, Mike. Setting a new standard: the zero energy home experience in California. 2005 SOLAR WORLD CONGRESS, 2005, Orlando, Flórida.
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Abstract

The new home market has been described as the solar industry’s most cost effective application of photovoltaic (PV) systems. Based on the Sacramento Municipal Utility District’s (SMUD) experience, the best way to integrate PV into new homes is through the “Zero-Energy Home” (ZEH). ZEHs combine energy-efficient construction and appliances with a state-of-the-art, roof-integrated solar electric system to create a home that can produce as much electricity as it uses annually. As defined by the Department of Energy (DOE), a ZEH is a home that reduces a new home’s total annual utility bill by 60% and net annual electricity use to zero. In addition to reducing a home’s total annual utility bill, ZEHs also have the potential to substantially reduce a home’s peak electric demand. If all new homes in SMUD’s service territory were ZEHs, up to 20 MW of peak demand savings could be obtained each year. Four ZEH communities are under construction in California. Two of those communities are located in the SMUD’s service area. SMUD joined forces with the U.S. DOE in 2003 on the Morrison Homes Lakeside project in which a package of ZEH features was offered as an optional upgrade. In 2004, SMUD worked with Premier Homes to develop a subdivisionscale ZEH project called Premier Gardens. Premier Gardens is a 95-home, “in-fill” community designed for first-time homebuyers. The project is being built adjacent to an almost identical, but non- ZEH subdivision of similar size, affording an unprecedented opportunity to compare the effectiveness of the ZEH design in reducing peak demand and distribution infrastructure costs to conventional practice. SMUD plans to monitor Premier Gardens and the adjoining non-ZEH community over a two-year period. This paper will summarize SMUD’s experience with ZEHs to date and report on the preliminary monitoring results of its two ZEH projects, including the performance of the ZEH PV system and the impact of ZEH has on electric energy use and bills.
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